Module II· EV-Equity BridgeAdvanced
Question

How do you find bridge items in the financials — where do you look in the annual report?

Answer

Audit trail through the annual report:

  • Net Debt: balance sheet (debt), cash flow statement (movements), notes on borrowings.
  • Pension: notes on pension obligations − DBO, plan assets, service cost, funding status.
  • Operating leases: notes on lease liabilities (post-IFRS 16) or off-balance-sheet disclosures (pre-IFRS 16).
  • NCI/minorities: balance-sheet equity section + movement in interests.
  • Associates: notes on equity-method investments.
  • Litigation: notes on provisions and contingent liabilities.
  • Environmental: notes on environmental provisions.
  • Hybrid instruments: notes on equity and/or debt − often in the equity section in some jurisdictions.
Deep diveShow more details

The standard junior-banker working, an 'annual report walkthrough' − document the source and page reference for each bridge item.