Module III· DCM — High Yield & HybridIntermediate
Question

What is a bond indenture, and what role does the trustee play?

Answer

The legal contract governing a bond. It sets coupon, maturity, ranking, covenants, default events, call terms, reporting obligations, and bondholder rights.

The trustee acts on behalf of bondholders in administering the bond documentation.

  • Monitoring covenant mechanics and notices
  • Communicating with bondholders
  • Acting after default events
  • Coordinating acceleration or enforcement if instructed
  • Supporting restructuring voting processes

Trustees are usually reactive. They often need instructions from a required percentage of bondholders before taking aggressive action.

In distress, understanding trustee mechanics and bondholder voting thresholds can be as important as the economics.