Module I· Three-Statement Mechanics & LinkagesIntermediate
Question

How is the balance sheet structured — assets and liabilities & equity?

Answer
  • Non-current assets (long-term): property, plant & equipment (PP&E), intangible assets, goodwill, financial assets.
  • Current assets (short-term): inventory, trade receivables (AR), other receivables, cash.
  • Equity: share capital, additional paid-in capital, retained earnings, OCI.
  • Non-current liabilities: bonds, bank loans, pension provisions, deferred taxes.
  • Current liabilities: trade payables, other provisions, short-term bank debt.
Deep diveShow more details

Local GAAP sorts assets by increasing liquidity (fixed to liquid), IFRS by decreasing liquidity — both are permitted.

The two most important derived figures for valuation:

```
Net debt = interest-bearing debt − cash
Working capital = current assets excluding cash − current liabilities excluding bank debt
```